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S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is ubiquitous in living organisms and plays important roles in transmethylation, transsulfuration and transamination in organisms. Due to its important physiological functions, production of SAM has attracted increasing attentions. Currently, researches on SAM production mainly focus on microbial fermentation, which is more cost-effective than that of the chemical synthesis and the enzyme catalysis, thus easier to achieve commercial production. With the rapid growth in SAM demand, interests in improving SAM production by developing SAM hyper-producing microorganisms aroused. The main strategies for improving SAM productivity of microorganisms include conventional breeding and metabolic engineering. This review summarizes the recent research progress in improving microbial SAM productivity to facilitate further improving SAM productivity. The bottlenecks in SAM biosynthesis and the solutions were also addressed.
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S-Adenosilmetionina/metabolismo , Fitomejoramiento , Fermentación , Ingeniería MetabólicaRESUMEN
Objective@#To compare the effectiveness of Internet plus mode with tradition education mode on tuberculosis prevention in schools,so as to provide the reference for reducing the risk of catching tuberculosis in schools.@*Methods@#Two junior and two senior high schools as well as two universities were selected from Baoding. The two same level schools were randomly divided into the traditional education group and the Internet plus group. All the students received 2-month TB health education intervention. Questionnaire survey was conducted before and after intervention. A total of 2 804 and 2 821 students were investigated before and after intervention respectively.@*Results@#The awareness rate of TB prevention and treatment core knowledge among the traditional education group and the Internet plus group before intervention was 47.5% and 47.8%, respectively (χ2=0.19, P>0.05). After intervention, the percentage of students with positive attitude and behavior regarding TB was 93.0% and 85.1% in the Internet plus group and the traditional model education group, respectively, including willingness to accept TB test (88.6% vs 81.5%), active reporting to school on TB diagnosis (96.4% vs 90.5%), no spitting in public, cover up when sneeze or cough (94.3% vs 90.6%), opening windows for ventilation (98.1% vs 95.7%), and willingness to share knowledge (98.7% vs 96.4%), active prevention of TB (86.3% vs 78.2%)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Internet plus mode health education intervention shows more effectiveness on tuberculosis health education, compared with traditional health education.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)expression in the related periodontal tissue on bone remodeling under different distracting force during rapid tooth movement by resistance reduction and distraction. Methods:1 2 Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows:5 d distraction,1 5 d distraction,1 5 d distraction and 1 0 d retaining and 1 5 d distraction and 90 d retaining.4 4 were distalized.6 teeth in each group were randomly assigned to re-sistance and distracting method,resistance and conventional method and conventional method,and there were 2 teeth in each group.Moving teeth models were prepared regularly.BMP-2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The BMP-2 positive expression of the 3 groups of different distraction schedule showed similar distribution area,and it reached peak at the end of 1 5-day distration,but the group of resistance and distracting method showed the maximum peak(P 0.05).Conclusion:Resistance reduction with sustained strong distracting force can significantly increased the positive expression of BMP-2 and effectively accelerate new bone formation in periodontal tissue.
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Objective To assess the predictive value of serum uric acid levels for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a large prospective population based study.Methods The study was based on 3648 participants in Shanghai and Beijing,who were inpatients with high cardiovascular(CV) risk at baseLine (2004.7 to 2005.1),and blood was taken.Follow-up for death from cardiovascular disease and any cause was complete until January 1,2006.Results The mean follow-up was 1 years.There were 303 deaths during follow-up,of which 121 were cardiovascular.Crude mortality rates were 8.3 % for all patients,6.8% for female patients (116/1715),and 9.7% (187/1933) for male patients.Among men,patients in the lower and higher uric acid groups had increased cardiac and overall mortality risks compared with patients in the normal uric acid groups.Similar relation was found in women but not statistically significant.After adjusting for other conventional risk factors (age,diabetes,hypertension,diuretic use and smoking),baseline uric acid level was still associated with increased risk for death from cardiovascular disease (P=0.005),or death from all causes (P=0.014) Conclusion Our data suggest that abnormal serum uric acid levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:15-20)
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Objective To explore the relationship of the presence and severity of anxiety and depression with the increased inflammatory activity,as marked by the serum levels of high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP)after acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Serum hs-CRP levels were measured in 647 ACS patients within 36 hours after onset of event.Depression and anxiety were evaluated by self-reporting standardized questionnaire,using a validated Chinese version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)(14 items)within 7 days.Results In ACS patients,serum levels of hs-CRP(mg/L)were lower in those with anxiety than those in control group[(10.43?3.55)mg/L vs(13.19?4.90)mg/L,P0.05].Conclusion Presence and severity of depression is associated with increased activity of inflammation in patients with ACS;however,anxiety does not have such an association with inflammation in patients with ACS.